A machine learning-based method to detect fluorescent spots and an accelerated,parallel implementation of this method

Under most microscopes, the fluorescent sig- nals emitted from biological structures, such as vesicles, as well as the signals from single molecules will appear as small puncta, which contribute to a Gaussian-like distri- bution. Accurate segmentation of these spots will funda- mentally affect our interpretation of a specific biological progress. Because of the complicated backgrounds in images, many algorithms fail to identify all of the inter- esting signals; the tremendous amount of time required for algorithms to process large datasets can also decrease their utility. Here, we introduce an excellent robust detection method based on the machine learning algorithm Ada- Boost, which outperforms threshold-based segmentation, wavelets, and FDA under most situations. We also provide a GPU/multi-core CPU implementation of this algorithm; this implementation accelerates the algorithm approxi- mately 10- and 7-fold acceleration compared with a single CPU implementation. The great reduction of time should make this method a promising candidate in the processing of large datasets. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of our algorithm on true fluorescent micrographs, and the results show that machine learning-based detection meth- ods outperform the four other previously reported methods.     

On design of physical random access channel in high-speed railway LTE systems

For the uplink in the long-term evolution （LTE） systems, the physical random access channel （PRACH） adopts Zadoff-Chu （ZC） sequences as preamble sequences, and each user can choose a unique cyclic shift for user identification. In high-mobility scenario, the Doppler fre- quency shift raises up the false alarm probability by inducing the correlation peak offsetting at the receiver side. Traditional detection method utilizes multiple search win- dows for searching the potential uplink users. When the Doppler frequency shift is larger than the subcarrier spac- ing, the energy of correlation peak leaks outside the search window and increases the false alarm probability. In this paper, we present a novel design for PRACH preamble sequence for high-speed railway scenario. Through numerical observation, we find out that the offset of the correlation peaks only depends on the initial root sequence number and the length of ZC sequences. Therefore, the root number of ZC sequences should be carefully designed to generate a preamble sequence to fight against the Doppler frequency shift. Consequently, those offsets of the corre- lation peaks are concentrated within a single search win- dow, resulting in lower complexity of detection and lower probability of false alarm for random access in LTE uplink.     

投弃式温深测量仪高精度测温电路设计

为提高投弃式温度深度测量仪(XBT)的测温精度,本文利用电桥测温的方法设计了高精度测温电路,提出了新的校准方法,并应用软硬件结合设计了可靠的入水检测模块。海试结果表明,该XBT测量的温度剖面与标准CTD剖面曲线相似度在0.9以上,测温平均误差小于0.2℃,在允许误差范围内,测温精度达到预期目标。     

一种应用于石英音叉增强型光谱的前置放大电路

针对目前石英增强光声光谱系统存在音叉输出高阻抗和受噪声辐射影响较大的不利因素,本文设计了一种高输入阻抗、高信噪比的前置放大器。该方案使用高输入阻抗运算放大器,减小音叉两级的信号线长度,使用两路信号相减的方式降低噪音和串接的音叉来提高信号,进一步提高信噪比。并在该放大器的基础上,使用压电陶瓷直接激发音叉的方法精确测量了音叉的共振中心频率和Q值。经实验检验,该放大器模块性能稳定、信噪比高且成本低。     

用天线阵技术无损探测大桥钢筋网的三维分布

常规的探地雷达发射的电磁波和接收的电磁波均为同一频率,因此影响了探测的精度、效率.天线阵探地雷达将不同频率的天线组合到一起工作,实现了一次扫描得到4张雷达图,使深部、浅部探测一次同时完成,提高了探测精度和工作效率,节约了探测成本.另外,由于不同频率的天线对不同深度的被探测体有足够的分辨率,不同位置的天线对同一被探测体进行全区域、多角度的探测,所以天线阵探地雷达能够分辨上下重叠或位置很近的被探测体,使得对一个区域的钢筋网进行三维探测成为可能.     

一种新型室内空气质量检测仪的设计

为了普通民众能够准确得知室内空气污染状况,设计了一种涉及室内甲醛(HCHO)、氨(NH3)和苯(C6H6)这三种气体浓度的新型室内空气质量快速检测仪.该仪器主要通过气体传感器得到对应气体浓度的微弱电流信号,再通过一种新型的高精度信号处理电路和基于FPGA的模数转换电路得到对应气体的初始浓度值,结合室内环境气压、温湿度情况和修正算法得到更准确的浓度值.该仪器还具有浓度超标报警、测量数据打印输出等功能及检测精度高、速度快、稳定性好、携带方便等优点.     

毛细管电泳-光纤光谱联用技术检测结晶紫

开发新型毛细管电泳-光纤光谱联用技术并应用于结晶紫的快速检测。以结晶紫为对象,考察了电泳和溶液条件对结晶紫的分离分析信号的影响。结果表明,检测结晶紫的最佳条件为:流动相是0.1 mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液(pH 4.0),检测波长590 nm,分离电压3 kV,进样时间60 s.在最佳条件下,吸光度与0.8~10μg/mL结晶紫呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9954,检出限为0.8μg/mL.方法成功地应用于水体中结晶紫的快速检测。     

基于PCA算法的HTML网页篡改检测定位系统

提出了一种网页篡改检测定位的方法,该方法首次实现对目标HTML网页被篡改位置的定位。此方法将原始HTML网页源代码的每一列和每一行分别进行PCA数字水印和ULC嵌入处理,通过对网页源代码行与列的计算结果和抽取出的认证信息进行比较,实现对目标HTML网页篡改范围的定位。实验结果表明,该方法能检测网页篡改并较好地定位出篡改范围。     

吸波材料地雷壳体防远距离雷达探测特性

为降低雷场的雷达侦察发现概率,提高地雷的障碍效果和生存能力,研究了微波吸收材料新型地雷壳体以提高防雷达探测性能,讨论了地雷目标雷达散射特性。当微波从壳体顶部或正侧面照射时,雷达散射截面(RCS)较强。采用羰基铁和铝合金粉为吸收剂设计和制作了微波吸收材料,在2~18GHz频率内的微波吸收衰减超过10dB。选用不锈钢纤维和羰基铁粉并采用注塑工艺制作了具有电磁屏蔽和微波吸收性能的地雷壳体样品。合成孔径雷达(SAR)探测实验结果表明:当微波从壳体顶部或正侧面照射时,RCS在8~12GHz频率内的微波衰减达到10dB。     

碎纸片拼接复原的灰度匹配技术研究

鉴于破碎的文献资料在诸多领域里有着广泛的应用,本文通过对两种主要而又典型的破碎文献资料——纵向(横向)破碎、纵横向破碎的文献资料的拼接与复原问题进行分析,根据破碎纸张的大小,文字的间距等信息建立灰度匹配模型和边缘检测模型,并通过相关的算法,编写Matlab程序来解决碎纸片拼接复原问题。